Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Septian Deny Widya Putra

Institutions
a) Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi,
Jl Raya IX Sukamandi-Subang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
*septiandeny[at]pertanian.go.id

Abstract
Physicochemical characterization of rice germplasms is an important step of the rice breeding program. The physicochemical characteristics are important for consumers- acceptance. The objective of this study was to analyze physicochemical characteristics information to obtain suitable accessions for breeding programs and to cluster accessions according to their main characteristics. A total of 46 accessions of ICRR & ICABIOGRD collection were evaluated for 24 physicochemical traits. Principal component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to analyze the variation and the contribution of each trait to the total variance. This study showed that physicochemical variation might be divided into 5 principal component: Principal component 1 (PC1) was dominated by grain roundness, PC2 by low amylose content, PC3 by high milling yield, PC4 by long and slender grain, and PC5 by premium quality. Clustering analysis yielded 4 clusters. The 1st cluster was dominated by round grain, 2nd cluster by low milling yield, 3rd by high broken grain, and the last cluster by high milling yield and premium quality. This work showed that there were 7 potential accessions to be included in the rice breeding program of high milling yield and premium quality rice, i.e. accession no. 10479 (Umbul-umbul), 10486 (Babad Cianjur), 10491 (Marus), 10499 (619), 10515 (Siregi), 10551 (Logawa), and 10562 (Umbul-umbul). Those varieties can be used by rice breeders to develop new varieties to answer the global challenge of food security.

Keywords
Rice germplasms; physicochemical characteristics; Principal component analysis; Clustering analysis

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7GMnRZ4DUWjE

Corresponding Author
Anis Tatik Maryani

Institutions
(a,b,c) Agroekoteknologi, Agriculture, Jambi University

Abstract
Reclamation is an effort to repair or maintain the function of lands affected by mining activity. It is done to make the lands useful and to ensure revegetation. The lands which are formerly used for mining activity need reclamation in order to bring back ecosystem, micro-climate, land fertility and water storage function to resolve the problems on limited fertile land in attempt to increase palm production. Therefore, there are two ways which should be conducted: 1) controlling the function of farmland, 2) increasing the quality of marginal lands to be used as farmland. This research aims to find out the effects of goat manure and cinder husk distribution with various doses to the development of palm plantation. The experiment was done in Pijoan, Muaro Jambi, throughout 5 months, from April to September 2019. The experiment was conducted with complete random design, consisting of 8 treatments with 3 times repeatition. P1 : 150 g of goat manure + 325 g of cinder husk, P2 :175 g of goat manure + 300 g of cinder husk, P3 : 200 g of goat manire + 275 g of cinder husk, P4 : 225 g of goat manure + 250 g of cinder husk, P5: 250 g of goat manure + 225 g of cinder husk, P6 : 275 g of goat manure + 200 g of cinder husk, P7 : 300 g of goat manure + 175 g of cinder husk, P8: 325g of goat manure +150 g of cinder husk. The data resulted from the research was analysed statistically with 5% of Tuker HSD examination. The distribution of optimal fertilizer for palm plantation growth was done by distributing 325 gr of goat manure + 150 gr of cinder husk treatment for the plant height, rod diameter, number of leaves and the number of midribs.

Keywords
Land Reclamation, Former land of Brick mining, Palm Cinder Husk, Goat Manure, Revegetation

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TbhvqLc6QCgY

Corresponding Author
Innaka Ageng Rineksane

Institutions
a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Jalan Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183
*rineksane[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Vanda tricolor is an endemic orchid on the slopes of Mount Merapi whose existence is threatened with extinction due to eruption and exploitation of its natural habitat. The rapid propagation of Vanda tricolor can be done through in vitro multiplication. Multiplication can double the number of shoots by adding growth regulators in the medium. Substitution of synthetic growth regulators with organic material for multiplication can reduce the cost of propagation of Vanda tricolor. This study aims to obtain the best organic extract for multiplication of Vanda tricolor. This research was compiled using a randomized completely design single factor. The treatments tested were New Dogashima Medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 thidiazuron, coconut water 150 ml L-1, coconut water 150 ml L-1 + banana extract 150 g L-1 and coconut water 150 ml L-1 + tomato extract 150 ml L-1. Each treatment was repeated 5 times, each replication consisted of 3 samples. The results showed that the treatment of New Dogashima Medium supplemented with coconut water 150 ml L-1 + banana extract 150 g L-1 could replace the role of synthetic growth regulators in the multiplication of Vanda tricolor orchids as indicated by the parameters of the growth time of shoots, number of shoots and number of leaves.

Keywords
Orchid, Medium, Organic extract, In vitro, Substitution

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CwmTh7yAXgrH

Corresponding Author
Devi Bunga Pagalla

Institutions
Gadjah Mada University, Faculty of Biology, Teknika Selatan Street, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281

Abstract
Embryogenesis of microspore or androgenesis is one of method that extensively uses in breeding programs to produce embryos and plantlets with the number of haploid or double haploid chromosomes with homozygous or pure lines in a relatively short time. Immature male gametophytes can change their developmental fate from pollen to embryo when exposed to stress treatment during in vitro culture. Stage development of microspore is one of the important factors that determine the success rate of induction of microspore embryogenesis. In this study, stage development of microspore of eggplant cultivar Planet Hijau was determined through morphological analysis of microspore cells based on the morphological size of flower buds to optimize the induction of embryogenesis. The results showed that the interval of flower buds 15-18 mm and the interval of petal length 7-10 mm contained 50-55% late uninucleate microspores. In determining the stage of development of microspores, the length of anther and diameter of anther are also considered. The flower bud of eggplant which contain late uninucleate and binucleate microspore is the best stage to induction of embryogenesis.

Keywords
Microspore developmental stage, microspore culture, embryogenesis

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/v6XAuaMq4nLU

Corresponding Author
Chitra Priatna

Institutions
Indonesia Ornamental Crops Institute

Abstract
Dendrobium is a cut flower that is sought after by the public because of the beauty and uniqueness of the resulting color. So that various efforts are made to increase production to meet the needs of the community. One of the efforts made by in vitro culture propagation for Dendrobium propagation. Giving various types of media and types of explants affect the growth of culture. The optimum media for Dendrobium var plant height increase. Dian Agrihorti is 5 g / L growmore media and MS-0 media is the right media for Dendrobium var. Syifa Agrihorti. Media ½ MS + FV + Charcoal is the optimum media for multiplication of the number of roots in Dendrobium var. Dian Agrihorti and D. var. Agrihorti Syifa.

Keywords
Key words: Dendrobium Orchid, Media Type, Explant Type, In Vitro Culture

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZGFcay4qYfU8

Corresponding Author
SITI NURHIDAYAH

Institutions
a) Agrotechnology Study Program, Agricultural of Faculty, Perjuangan University of Tasikmalaya, Jalan Peta No. 177 Tawang, Tasikmalaya 46115, Indonesia
b) Student of Agrotechnology Study Program, Agricultural of Faculty, Perjuangan University of Tasikmalaya, Jalan Peta No. 177 Tawang, Tasikmalaya 46115, Indonesia

Abstract
Black rice is a functional rice that can be consumed to prevent or treat sufferers of degenerative diseases. Black rice is rarely found and is limited because farmers who are less receptive to growing black rice because of their shortcomings are plant hight which causes crop stems to fall easily. This study aims to estimate genetic diversity and heritability of black rice on plant height character. The experiment used a randomized complete block design non-factorial namely 8 accessions of black rice with 4 commercial varieties (IR13, IR18, I19 and IPB4S). The results showed that black rice accession treatment significantly affected the plant height character. Plant height character has high area wide heritability with average plant height of 113.4 cm and 108.3 cm for commercial varieties.

Keywords
antocyanin; antioxidant; black rice; genetic variability

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pBV2FJURbNLu

Corresponding Author
Nazly Aswani

Institutions
Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute, Jalan Tangkuban Parahu No.517, Lembang, Bandung Barat

e-mail : naz.aswa[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Garlic production is practiced vegetatively through cloves/bulbs. However, naturally, garlic also produces bulblets/bulbils in stem or scape (top set). The agronomic characters of this tiny bulb-like form have been rarely discussed despite its potential for soil-borne disease-free garlic production. This research carried out in March 2019 was aimed to evaluate some of plant morphological characters from garlic bulbils. These bulbils were harvested from Indonesia garlic variety known as Lumbu Hijau. Completely Randomized Block Design was applied throughout 4 treatment combinations e.g immersion duration and dose of growth hormone with 3 replications. Seedling percentage, plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, bulb height, number of cloves and number of bulbils were evaluated. Although the result showed that all treatments were not significant for all characters, they showed a fairly high seedling percentage (69.33-81.33%). Plant height measured on 75 days after planting (DAP) ranged between 26.99-30.75 cm with 3-4 number of leaves. Plants were harvested on 120 DAP where fresh weight ranged 2.9-3.1 g/sample. After two months of air-dried, dry weight was measured for 1.9-2.4 g/sample. Bulb diameter ranged 20.40-21.60 mm and bulb height ranged 15.31–16.18 mm with 4-5 cloves per bulb. This article also noted a bulbil-to-bulbils cycle since a little number of bulbils found within the stem of sample plants. This result indicated that more agronomy studies need to be done for improving the quality of bubils as a promising alternative in garlic production.

Keywords
bulbils, agronomic character, garlic seed, garlic production

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JwX84GefQkt2

Corresponding Author
Danar Wicaksono

Institutions
Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta (UPNVY)

Abstract
Crop yields depend on good and proper crop management. In crop management, several things need attention. It can be divided into two major groups: Management of Natural Resource and Human Resources. The management of natural resources includes the supply of planting material; production facilities: seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides; environmental factors: soil, water, air, germplasm preservation of plants that have superior, rare and specific character; policies on crop protection; and the joint commitment of all countries in the world to work together, maintain, care for and preserve plants that aim to fulfil the needs of human life. Striving to make human resources who can work professionally and have confidence that what is done will produce satisfying results. This requires technology, agricultural tools, effective and efficient pest control models, good cultivation techniques, and government policies and regulations that can protect agricultural growth, development, and yield.

Keywords
Crop, Natural Resource, Human Resource

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/e3DKrX8Jugz4

Corresponding Author
BARGUMONO BARGUMONO

Institutions
Agriculture Faculty, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta

Abstract
The Industrial Revolution 4.0, in addition to the potential to overhaul the industry, also changed various aspects of human life. Almost all nations have included this movement on their national agenda, as a way to increase competitiveness in the global market arena. 4IR includes a variety of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), wearables, sophisticated robotics, and 3D printing. The five main sectors that will be Indonesias focus for the initial adoption of these technologies are food and beverages, textiles and clothing, automotive, chemical and electronics. Indonesias abundant agricultural resources are supporting the food and beverage sector so that they have great growth potential, and also as one of the capital to build competitive advantage in the production of biochemical products. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 16 of 2006, agriculture which includes food crops, horticulture, plantations, and animal husbandry is all activities that include upstream business, farming, agro-industry, marketing, and supporting services for the management of biological natural resources in the agroecosystem, which appropriate and sustainable, with the help of technology, capital, labor, and management to get the maximum benefit for the welfare of society. Horticulture is an art, technology, science, and business for planting and utilizing garden plants and plantations. Efforts to meet the needs of consumers and the community must meet the requirements for evaluating the quantity, quality and continuity of the product. The low productivity of horticulture is caused by problems such as scattered locations, small and inefficient business scale, policies and regulations in the banking, transportation and export and import sectors that have not fully supported national horticultural agribusiness actors. Horticulture business has great potential. Horticultural products need to be encouraged in order to support increased exports. One effort that can be done is to maximize processed fruits and vegetables, with the main objective of reducing dependence on imports of raw materials for agricultural products so as to increase efficiency throughout the industrial value chain through the application of Industry 4.0.

Keywords
horticulture, industrial revolution 4.0

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vYC94GfEhbQw

Corresponding Author
Edhi Martono Martono

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Rice cultivation in Java has been practiced for centuries. The long and complicated practices undoubtedly had given birth to synergistic cultivating traditions between farmers and their environment. The drastic and revolutive changes happened in the second half of the twentieth century. Introduction of external synthetic inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, which was first thought as very helpful in increasing yield and production, is right now reconsidered as negatively affecting rice agroecosystem as a whole. Those inputs inhibited and even destroy natural agroecosystem services. The proofs came from rice herbivore population increase, which happened several times during these changing times. The right practices in coping with rice herbivore or diseases should have been made available. To emphasize the role of ecosystem services, we tried to investigate whether ecosystem basic rules had been violated, and to find out, if the ecosystem services were improved, whether they will help maintain ecosystem balance. Therefore we design experiments to know how far the rice cultivation practices have been affected by the change in ecosystem services, especially in preventing and controlling biological disturbances. First, we tried to know whether mono-culture practices might be improved by using different rice varieties and mixed them prior to planting. Secondly, we practiced crop rotation by interfering continuous all year round rice planting by introducing dry land crops such as corn during the dry season, although the irrigation water was available. And third, we planted refugias around the rice planting area where the refugias were never before planted in the area. All experiments were quantitatively analyzed, and compared to the traditional or conventional practice done by the farmers. The result shows that these practices more or less improved the conventional rice agroecosystem. Mixing varieties resulted in more preferable rice production in term of performance, including taste. The interference of dry land crop, i.e. corn, invite rat, a more destructive herbivore. The planting of refugias increase the number of beneficial arthropod although an ecological equilibrium is still yet to be observed. The adjustment of these practices to the rice environment had not yet commonly done, since what is commonly known as sustainable agriculture was not intensively encouraged. The rice production system is still based on maximum yields and the achievement of self-supporting regions. Understanding of proper practices to ensure the sustainability of rice cultivation should be disseminated among stakeholders.

Keywords
Keywords: ecosystem services – mixing varieties - crop rotation – refugia

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hymj7xPLaqgB

Corresponding Author
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha Adinugraha

Institutions
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan

Abstract
Breadfruit plant (Artocarpus altilis [Park.] Fosberg) is one species of Moraceae family that is very important as a source of food material. The fruit contains many nutrients that are important for energy sources and health. The propagation technique is only conducted vegetatively because the fruit did not produce seeds. This conservation effort of this species has been carried out by planting breadfruit clones from 14 distribution populations in Indonesia, namely Sleman, Gunungkidul, Cilacap, Banyuwangi, Madura, Sukabumi, Banten, Bali, Mataram, Lampung, Bone, Malino, Sorong and Manokwari. The development of propagation technique needs to be conducted for commercial planting stock production of those clones which is easy to be implemented, does not require high input costs and it is able to produce adequate numbers of planting stocks. Propagation techniques that can be conducted are root cuttings, shoot cuttings and stem cuttings. The average success rate of each technique is 80%, 90% and 80%. The application of these three techniques simultaneously is very efficient and effective to increase the production of breadfruit planting stocks.

Keywords
Breadfruit clones, root cuttings, shoot cuttings, stem cuttings

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/heBTF36ptZ8E

Corresponding Author
PARLIN HALOMOAN SINAGA

Institutions
The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Riau

Abstract
Farmers on suboptimal land are generally economically disadvantaged and need to be supported by low-cost technology. The study aimed to find out a low input technology package in maize cultivation on suboptimal land in Riau Province. The research was carried out on the tidal agroecosystem overflow type C, around the Mandau River on alluvial land, peat, and alluvial + peat mixture in Siak District. Time of study in March to December 2018. The materials used were hybrid maize varieties such as Nasa 29, Bima Uri 19, and composite maize Bisma and Sukmaraga, Urea, TSP, KCl, farm yard manure, dolomite, locality liquid organic fertilizer (LLOF), grilled ash, biological fertilizers, decomposers, pesticides, herbicides. There are 4 fertilization packages, i.e.: A (high dosage), B (high dosage + LLOF + Grilled ash), C (50% dosage + LLOF + grilled ash), D (low dosage). Experiments were designed using randomized complete block design and repeated three times. To find out whether farming is profitable or not economically, it is analyzed by using Benefit Cost Ratio. The results showed that Nasa 29 and Sukmaraga varieties produced the best average growth and yield for all soil types and fertilizer doses of 4.0 t ha-1 and 3.9 t ha-1 dry seeds, respectively. NASA 29 can produce 6.2 t ha-1 dry seeds in a mixture of peat + alluvial soil even though the dose of chemical fertilizer is reduced by 50%. Reducing the dose of chemical fertilizer can be done to improve the ability of farmers to buy fertilizer depending on the type of soil and the availability of LLOF and grilled ash. Mixture of peat and alluvial is good soil for maize growth if combined with fertilizer package B. Decrease in chemical fertilizer 50% (package C) causes yields to fall to 6.23 t ha-1 and farmers get a profit of Rp 12,418,000 per planting season with B/C 1.9.

Keywords
Maize, low cost, suboptimal, alluvial, peat, liquid organic fertilizer

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JqPfYQrUBF7T

Corresponding Author
REDY GASWANTO

Institutions
1)Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Indonesia 40391

Abstract
One obstacle of the chili-s resistance breeding program to anthracnose disease is to find source of resistant gene. In addition, information of inheritance mode and genetic control has not yet been obtained accurately. Line AVPP0207 is a chili genotype that has an resistance gene from accession C chinense (PBC932) transferred into C. annum (IR * 3). Researcher in IVEGRI had succeeded to cross breeding genotype Tanjung-2 with line AVPP0207. The objectives of the study are: (1) to molecularly identify of pathogen isolates Colletotrichum spp from the field ; (2) to individually select of F2 generation that resistance to anthracnose, so that the inheritance mode can be identified. The study was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI) from January to December 2015. The use of specific primers Calnt2 / ITS4 showed a DNA band 490 bp in pathogen isolate 1, while the use of Cclnt / ITS4 showed a DNA band 460 bp in pathogen isolate 2. A total of 15 individually F2 plant numbers (7.07%) were successfully selected as resistant genotypes based on formed lessio diameter on the skin surface fruit (<4 mm). Inheritance mode of F2 chili generation (Tanjung-2 x AVPP0207) for resistance to isolate C. acutatum showed that resistant trait is recessive with incomplete gene action, there is no maternal effect, resistant gene is a major gene with an estimated number is 1.68, and broad-sense heritability (h2bs) is high (0.75).

Keywords
anthracnose, chili, inheritance mode

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XNkRMEm3YeVy

Corresponding Author
Runik Dyah Purwaningrahayu

Institutions
Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute

Abstract
Salt affected land can be an alternative to developing soybeans in Indonesia because productive land is decreasing, while there is also an indication that there is an increase in salinity in productive land. Planting tolerant variety combined with P fertilizer is an effective management to increase soybean productivity of salt affected land. The objective of this study was to identify dosage of P fertilizer and salt tolerant genotypes for improving growth and yield of soybean on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Tuban district, East Java at dry season 2018. The trial consisted of two factors that were arranged in a completely randomized block design, six replications. The first factor was two doses of P ferilizer 72 P2O5 kg/ha and 108 P2O5 kg / ha. The second factor was two soybean genotypes: Anjasmoro variety and K-13 line. Soil salinity levels during the soybean planting period are classified as high from 10-18 dS /m, and irrigation water salinity reaches 6-16 dS / m. The results showed Anjasmoro variety and P fertilizer of 108 kg / ha P2O5 was more prospective to be developed in soybean cultivation in saline condition

Keywords
soybean, P fertilizer, salinity

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/483kncdMEzhP

Corresponding Author
Yohana Theresia Maria Astuti

Institutions
Institut Pertanian Stiper Yogyakarta

Abstract
The research aims to study the relationship between Elaeidobius kamerunicus and oil palm fruit set in the Mambruk Estate oil palm plantation, Papua, Indonesia. The study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. The research method used descriptive method by observing Elaeidobius kamerunicus population in 60 male inflorescences and 60 female inflorescences as samples. Data were obtained on the population of Elaeidobius kamerunicus per bunch and per hectare in male and female inflorescence, and the fruit set value of oil palm bunch. Correlation regression test was performed, and an analysis of variance of fruit set values per population grade was continued, followed by DMRT at 5% level. The results showed that in the oil palm plantation in Mambruk estate, Papua, the population of Elaeidobius kamerunicus on male inflorescence had reached the standard, as many as 24,185 individuals per hectare with a fruit set value of 82.18%. There is a positive correlation between Elaeidobius kamerunicus population in female inflorescence and oil palm fruit set. This insect population on female inflorescence influenced by 42.7% on fruit set; There is a positive correlation between Elaeidobius kamerunicus population per male inflorescence and oil palm fruit set. This insect population on male inflorescence influenced by 49.1% on fruit set. The higher population of Elaeidobius kamerunicus, the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

Keywords
Elaeidobius kamerunicus, fruit set, oil palm

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7Gau3Aj2Z9Ve

Corresponding Author
Bambang Supriyanta

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta

Abstract
Sweet corn (Zea mays var Saccharata) is the result of a recessive mutation that occurs naturally in genes that control the conversion of sugar into starch in corn endosperm. Three main genes affect the sweetness of corn, namely the sugary gene (su), the sugary enhancer gene (se), and the shrunken gene (sh2). Downy mildew is a major disease in corn and can cause yield losses until 100% if it infects resistance plants at 10-15 days after planting. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the character of growth, yield components and downy mildew disease resistance on some sweet corn lines in the S-3 generation. The study was conducted on July 2019 until October 2019 in Wedomartani Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta. The seven pure line were used: BFa, BFb, BFc, BFd, BFe, BFf, and BFg by using a Randomized Block Design with 3 Blocks. Planting in each experimental unit consists of 3 rows, each row consisting of 20 plants. The growth properties that were observed is plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The yield components that were observed is the number of cob, the length of the cob and the diameter of the cob. The plant disease resistance variables were the number of infected plants, the number of live plants and disease incidence. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with 5% significance, followed by Duncans multiple range test with a level of 5%. The results showed that there was no difference on all line used. In the yield component the results show that lines that have largest lengths are BFa, BFe, BFf, and BFg. All line have largest diameter of the cobs except BFg. BFc, BFd, BFe, BFb, and BFg have high resistance on corn downy mildew.

Keywords
Sweet corn, screening, plant resistance, downy mildew

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kfCzHyUFDBKW

Corresponding Author
Nazly Aswani

Institutions
IAARD, Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran), Lembang, Bandung Barat

e-mail : naz.aswa[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The existence of local varieties of potatoes for the processed industry in Indonesia is very necessary, most of the raw materials for the potato chip industry are still imported. Even for French fries, one hundred percent is still imported. Selection of 30 potato clones was conducted at the Margahayu Experimental Field (1250 m asl), in Lembang from January to May 2016. It used a completely randomized block design with 3 (three) replications which every plot consisted of 10 plants. The evaluated characters included plant vigor, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), tuber weight (g), percentage of consumption tuber (%), yield (ton/ha), specific gravity (Sg), tuber shape, tuber skin color, tuber flesh color and appearance of tuber skin. Analysis of variance showed that all quantitative characters were very significantly different (P <0.01). Clone 15.33 showed the highest tuber yield per plant (831 grams/plant) which was significantly different from the comparable variety of Atlantic (166 grams/plant). The highest percentage of consumption tubers was obtained from clones 15.26 (75.3%) which were significantly higher than comparable varieties (Amabile, Granola, Medians and Atlantic). The result suggested that 2 (two) clones e.g. 15.33 and 15.23 with specific gravity (Sg) higher than 1.067 are potential to be used for industrial potato chips.

Keywords
potatoes, industrial raw materials, chips, french fries

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/teGcmNv8XACz

Corresponding Author
Nafisah Nafisah

Institutions
(1) Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR)
Jalan Raya 9 Sukamandi Subang 41256 West Java Indonesia

Abstract
Global climate changed increased rice area affected by salinity which decreased rice production and farmer income especially in the coastal area. High yielding rice varieties tolerant to salinity is one of technology component to manage salt affected soil. The study aimed to identify high yielding rice lines adaptive to saline prone area having a high yield potential. A total of seventy seven of genotypes along with four check varieties (Inpari 34, Sidenuk, FL478 and Inpari 43) were tested in saline prone rice area, Eretan, Indramayu on January to April 2018 using randomized completed design with two replications. The thirty lines selected from the yield trial and reevaluated for high yield under normal condition at ICRR research station Sukamandi in WS 2019. The result identified three lines having high grain yield and low salinity tolerance index which were comparable to the best check FL478 and Sidenuk. These two lines were promising lines to be evaluated in advanced yield trial in several different environments.

Keywords
Rice lines, saline prone area

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KDwB9kzuvmth

Corresponding Author
Neni Gunaeni

Institutions
Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517 Lembang - West Bandung (40391)

Abstract
Potatoes are a great potential source of carbohydrate as an alternative staple. Pests and diseases are a major obstacle. The purpose of study was to determine differences in pest population levels and the intensity of disease attacks in potato crops with IPM and conventional systems. The study was conducted in Garut Regency and in West Bandung which was conducted from July 2015 - March 2016. The treatments tested were: (1). T 1: IPM system : application of IPM technology produced by Balitsa. (2). T 2: Balitsa IPM system + use of silver plastic mulch cover. (3). UT: conventional system. Seed uses varieties of Granola tuber let with a size of 5-7gram. Research results: (a). The treatment of IPM with the use of silver mulch increases the benefits of applying IPM. Plant growth is better and yields are higher than conventional methods. (b). IPM treatment with or without mulch provides a good environment for the development of soil fauna. (c). The use of selective and minimal pesticides in IPM treatment increases the soil fauna population of Collembola, Acarina, and Diplura. (d). The attack of airborne diseases is not affected by treatment but is more influenced by the season.

Keywords
Solanum tuberosum L., IPM (Integrated Pest Management), Soil Fauna

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UMcPhGjpdEug

Corresponding Author
Chitra Priatna

Institutions
Indonesia Ornamental Crops Institute

Abstract
Farming is one of the activities that organizes agricultural production facilities and technology in a business that involves the field of agriculture. to obtain maximum production, farmers must be able to combine the factors of production of labor, fertilizer and seeds used. These three factors of production are interrelated with one another in influencing production to produce good and optimal productivity. Agricultural businesses in the District of Jagakarsa are carried out in groups by forming farmer groups. Based on the results of the analysis of nonfinancial aspects, it shows that the cultivation of starfruit goddess with the development through standard operational procedures for starfruit fruit cultivation in Jagakarsa District is feasible to be carried out by farmer groups. The socio-economic-cultural aspects of the goddess starfruit cultivation business have a positive impact where the business is beneficial for the surrounding community. On the environmental aspect, this cultivation business also shows its feasibility because with the existence of starfruit cultivation as a greening the environment and water absorption. Based on the results of financial analysis shows that the cultivation of the goddess starfruit fruit plants provides benefits for fruit plant farmers. The profit of farmers in a year can improve the welfare of starfruit farmers.

Keywords
Starfruit Cultivation, Farming Business, Farmer Groups

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yp3vWLNjk2m4

Corresponding Author
Damasus Riyanto

Institutions
1) Yogyakarta Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
Stadion Maguwoharjo Street No. 22, Karangsari, Wedomartani Ngemplak–Sleman

2) Indonesian Soil Research Institute
Tentara Pelajar Street No. 12 Cimanggu-Bogor

Abstract
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and long harvest time are problems faced by farmers in cultivation of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae). Excessive use of chemicals has the disadvantage of increasing control costs, increasing the death of non-target organisms and reducing environmental quality. Broccoli plants require essential nutrient requirements for maximum growth and yield. The use of organic fertilizer is one way to increase the growth and yield of broccoli plants, because it does not contain harmful elements (such as heavy metal elements or degerous chemicals) that can pollute the surrounding environment. Broccoli vegetable cultivation in organic farming systems is a way of agricultural cultivation that relies on natural ingredients or inputs without using chemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of N, P and K nutrient removal on broccoli cultivation of organic, semi-organic and conventional farming systems in Batur village, Getasan district, Semarang Regency. This study uses a Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 treatments, namely organic, semi-organic and conventional farming systems. Each treatment was repeated 5 times in which the local farmers land was repeated. The research method uses survey methods in soil and plant sampling on organic, semi-organic and conventional farming systems of broccoli cultivation with a harvest age of 4. 6, 8 and 10 weeks. Observation of soil analysis properties before the experiment included: soil pH, N-total, C-organic, P-total and P-available, K-total and K-available, CEC soil, Bulk Density, Particle Density of soil and Percentage of total porosity. As plant growth parameters are broccoli plant height and the amount of broccoli leaves while broccoli yields are carried out from the age of 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after planting. While the analysis of N, P and K nutrient removal were determined when the plants was reached 10 weeks old. The results of this study showed that the chemical and physical properties of the soil in organic broccoli cultivation were better than in semi-organic and conventional farming systems, which proved that pH, C organic, total N, P-available and K-available were extracted with 25% HCl has a higher value, while the physical properties which are particle density and bulk density has a lower value. It means that the soil structure is crumb and not easily flooded. Growth and production of fresh broccoli at 10 weeks by an organic farming system is better than in semi-organic and conventional farming systems, which is evident from the N and K nutrients removal that they have more highest 38,85% of N and 20,13% of K nutrient uptake, respectivelly and significantly level than in conventional farming system especially in the leaves of broccoli plant.

Keywords
Chemical fertilizers, Nutrients removal, Land quality, Broccoli productivity

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VCHZk4Gey3xB

Corresponding Author
Jaka Sumarno

Institutions
Gorontalo Agricultural Technology Research Institute (BPTP Gorontalo)

Abstract
One of the efforts made in increasing rice productivity is through the application of cultivation technology. Agricultural Research and Development Agency as a producer of technological innovation, in 2016 has launched an environmentally friendly rice cultivation technology package namely Jajar Legowo (Jarwo) Super Technology . The objectives of the study are: 1) to find out the production and productivity of lowland rice farming with the application of Jarwo Super technology package, 2) to determine farmers perceptions of Jarwo Super rice technology innovation, and 3) financially analyze rice farming by applying Jarwo Super technology package in Gorontalo . The activity of applying the agricultural innovation was carried out in the Kawa 1 Farmers Group in Hutabohu Village, West Limboto District, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The total area of Demfarm assesses the application of the Jarwo Super rice technology innovation, which is 15 hectares by involving 15 cooperative farmers. This applied review activity is carried out in March to July 2018. The method of implementing the applied review is carried out by comparing the introduction of technology from the Agency for Agricultural Research (as treatment) with existing technology commonly practiced by farmers. The superior varieties of lowland rice used were Inpari 30, Inpari 31, Inpari 40, Cigeulis, Mekongga, and IR 64. The results of the study revealed that rice productivity with the application of the jarwo super technology package from highest to lowest respectively was the jarwo super package Inpari 40 ( 8.19 tons / ha), jarwo super Inpari 30 (7.73 tons / ha), super full organic IR 64 jarwo (6.09 tons / ha), Jarwo super Cigeulis (6.05 tons / ha), Jarwo super Inpari 31 (4.41 tons / ha) . The average rice productivity with the application of the super jarwo package of 6.49 tons / ha, is higher than the productivity of rice with existing farmers technology (3.53 tons / ha), so that the application of the jarwo super rice technology package can increase rice productivity by 84 percent from existing technology the farmer. The average farmers perception of jarwo super rice technology innovation shows that jarwo super technology increases production, income, is easy to implement, and farmers are interested in implementing it again. The results of the financial analysis of farming shows that rice farming with the application of the jarwo super technology package increases the R / C ratio compared to the existing farmer farming.

Keywords
applied study, Jarwo Super, rice

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yGNB7Y4PEQzx

Corresponding Author
Tri Harjaka

Institutions
1Departement of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Indonesia. Telph. (Fax): (0274) 523 926,

Abstract
White grub, Lepidiota stigma is one of destructive pest of sugarcane in Indonesia. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is known as pathogen of this pest. The research aims to determine the survival of L. stigma larvae on soil treated with the fungus M. anisopliae. Fungi reproduced in the laboratory using sterile corn media for 30 days, then harvested and treated in sandy loam soil with a concentration series 105-108 spores / gram. At each concentration series tested 10 larvae of the second instar of L. stigma with three replications. During the larval rearing used fresh carrots as feed and feed replacement is done each time the same week of observation. The results showed that the fungus M. anisopliae is able to inhibit the development of the second instar larvae of L. stigma to turn to the third instar, pupa and into adulthood. Highest inhibition occurs when third instar larvae phase does not eat, and it ranged between 46-100%, whereas inhibition when entering the third instar stadia ranged between 16-56%. Treatment of M. anisopliae in soil with concentrations of 108 spores / gram gave the highest inhibition reached 100% in third instar larvae of L. stigma, while the treatment of 105, 106 and 107 spores / gram still managed to hold its development of larvae reaching prepupa. Treatment of the fungus at a concentration of 105 and 106 spores / gram is capable of causing mortality of L. stigma larvae reached 93.33% and 96.67%, while the treatment of 107-108 spores / gram already caused 100% larvae failing to reach adult life.

Keywords
sugarcane white grub, survival, insect pathogens, soil treatment

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/THVqrYLQt9NZ

Corresponding Author
Ami Suryawati

Institutions
Agrotechnology Department Faculty of Agriculture UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
Jl. Lingkar Utara 104 Condongcatur Yogyakarta

Abstract
High community dependence on fossil fuels can spur energy scarcity or energy crisis. Kemiri Sunan or Sunan candlenut is one of the types of vegetable oil producing plants that has great potential as a raw material for biodiesel. The development of biofuel on marginal land in the context of supporting national energy security. In the development of kemiri sunan plants in marginal land, it is necessary to do innovation in its cultivation, namely the use of chitosan, an organic fertilizer made from natural materials derived from shrimp shells that are processed with radiation technology to produce useful products in agriculture. Based on the results of the study showed that plants were treated with chitosan showed a better growth response compared to plants that were not treated with chitosan.

Keywords
kemiri sunan, energy security

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GtxMLpQFbvre

Corresponding Author
Asih Karjadi

Institutions
(a) Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute (BALITSA)
Jalan Tangkuban Parahu No.517, Lembang, Bandung Barat

(b) E-mail : asihkk[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The garlic (Allium sativum L) belonging to the genus Allium , propagated in vegetative through bulb. In the plants propagated by vegetative technique virus is an important disease. The tissue culture techniques in combination with chemotheraphy could be eliminate virus diseases. The experiment carried out in the laboratory tissue culture of IVEGRI. The experiment aims to observe effect of several antiviral Ribavirin concentration in MS medium on growth and development Shoot tip cv. Lumbu hijau, cv.Lumbu putih, cv. Tawangmangu, to produce virus-free plant. Media composition, were : R1 until R4 that is : MS + MS vits + sucrose 30 g / l + IAA 2 mg / l Kinetin + 2 mg / l + GA3 0:01 mg / l + gelgro 2 g / l + ( Ribavirin 0 , 5, 10, 15 mg/l), pH 5.7. The results of the experiment a) Culture contamination were caused by bacteria and fungi with a percentage of 25 to 55 %. b). In high concentration of antiviral Ribavirin gave results on decreasing growth and development of three cultivar garlic. c). On visual observation cultivar and added of antiviral Ribavirin has no effect on the number of shoot. d). The added of antiviral Ribavirin and cultivar does not affect on growth three cultivar garlic. e) The virus test by serological DAS ELISA, percentage of infected plantlets were 54.55% to 100%.

Keywords
Garlic (Allium sativum L); Antiviral Ribavirin; cultivar

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V8NhgjEBWc67

Corresponding Author
Ida Nur Istina

Institutions
Riau Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
Email: rachmi_2608[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
Integrated Pest Management Farmer-s Field School (IPM-FFS) is a program of human resources improvement which leads to empowering aspects of environmentally sound farming communities. To assess the effect of the implementation of the IPM-FFS, it is necessary to evaluate the changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior of farmers in applying the four principles of IPM. One of the purposes of the implementation of the IPM-FFS is to reduce the use and application of chemical pesticides appropriately. The study was conducted from January to April 2018 in four districts of rice development centers in Siak Regency, Riau Province. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with total sample 80 farmers consisted of 40 IPM-FFS alumni and 40 non-alumni farmers. The evaluation showed that after IPM-FFS was implemented, the percentage of farmers adopting IPM technology increases, on the application of cultivation of a healthy crop on alumni 79, 8 %, except for the use of fertilizer with a sufficient application dose of only 75 % and non-alumni an average of 65 %. IPM FFS alumni also practiced rice agro ecosystem observation regularly, and understood the existence of natural enemies and their preservation. In controlling the pests, most farmers applied preventive methods by practicing healthy crop cultivation, chemical pesticides are applied if pest attacks have reached the economic threshold, and this condition causes the use of chemical pesticides to decrease. The calendar system of using chemical pesticides regularly without regard to pests- existence, for alumni was practiced by 65 % to 0% and non-alumni from 95 % to 40 %. Rice productivity for alumni increased by 18.18% and non-alumni 12 %. Alumni revenue increased by 18, 2 % and net income increased by 29, 7 %, non-alumni of 12, 00 % and net income increased by 22.7 %. The R/C value of alumni also increased by 13, 2 % and non-alumni 11, 27 %.

Keywords
IPM-FFS, chemical pesticides, economic feasibility and rice farming system

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eZ7WaRQdUtD8

Corresponding Author
Asih Karjadi

Institutions
Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute (BALITSA),
Jalan Tangkuban ParahuNo.517, Lembang, Bandung Barat

Email : asihkk [at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Shallot plants (Allium ascolonicum L) are included in plants that are propagated vegetatively and Allium sp family. For seed production and elimination of viral systemic disease it has been carried out in vitro / micropropagation. The research was conducted at the Vegetable Research Institute Tissue Culture Laboratory in August of December 2018. The aims of the study was to see the effect of phytohormon picloram and BAP on the growth of meristematic Variety Maja. The treatment were MS media (1962) + MS vitamin + sucrose 30 g / l + IAA 2 mg / l + kinetin 2 mg / l + GA3 0.01 mg / l + Myo inositol 100 mg / l + CaP 2 mg / l + gel rite 2 g / l, pH 5.7. The treatment of phytohormon picloram (0,1,2 mg / l), BAP (0,1,2 mg / l), number of composition of treatment media were 9. The results of visual observations (1) percentage of contamination up to 8 MST 30- 50 %, generally caused by fungi or bacteria, (2) visually the proliferation percentage between 65 - 100%, explant growth in M1 to M9 media one shoot per explant. And the DAS ELISA test plant detected were infected with OYDV, SYSV 36.36% d.d 53.85%.

Keywords
Shallot (Allium ascolonicum L), picloram, BAP, MS Media

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nvuLZDYXQpGm

Corresponding Author
Heti Herastuti

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of tuber size and different growing media on growth and yield of shallot. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty UPN "Veteran” Yogyakarta in April until June 2019. A Completely Randomized Design was used for this research with factorial arrangement. The first factor is tuber size consist of small (1,0 -2,5 g), medium (2,6-3,5 g), and large (3,6-4,6 g). The second factor is growing media consist of soil, soil + husk charcoal, soil + baglog mushroom waste, soil + husk charcoal + baglog mushroom waste. The result showed that there was no interaction between the tuber size with different planting media on growth and yield of shallot. The large and medium tuber size grew better than small tuber on leaf number, tillers number, tuber number, fresh weight, air dry weight, and tuber diameter. The media of soil + husk charcoal and soil + husk charcoal + baglog mushroom waste provided better result on tillers number, fresh weight, and tuber diameter.

Keywords
Shallot, tuber size, growing media

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BWZxjzkD7pPn

Corresponding Author
Rukmowati Brotodjojo

Institutions
a) Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta,
Jl. Padjadjaran 104 Condongcatur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*brotodjojo[at]upnyk.ac.id

Abstract
This research aimed to study the quality of tomato grew under different fertilizer applications and soil moisture levels. The green house experiment was set in a Randomized Completely Block Design. The treatments were various type of fertilizer (Liquid Organic Fertilizer/LOF, inorganic fertilizer/AB Mix, LOF+AB Mix) and different soil moisture levels (30%, 45%, 60%, 75%). Tomatoes were planted in polybags in a green house and with treatments according to the experimental design, each treatment were repeated three times. There was an interaction between type of fertilizer and soil moisture in affecting fruit diameter and fruit sugar content. The percentage of fruit infested by fruit rot was not significantly affected by type of fertilizer and soil moisture. The results showed that tomato plant treated with LOF and grew under 30% soil moisture level significantly produced smaller fruit than those treated with AB Mix only or AB Mix+LOF grew under 45%, 60% or 75% soil moisture except those treated with AB Mix+LOF grew under 45% soil moisture. Sugar content of tomato fruit harvested from plant treated with AB mix and grew under 30% soil moisture level was not significantly different from tomato grew under 45% soil moisture level and treated with AB Mix or LOF, but the sugar content was significantly higher than those grew under 60% or 75% soil moisture level treated with different type of fertilizer.

Keywords
liquid organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, tomato, quality, soil moisture

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/apCH7wXtyeu6

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Priyanto

Institutions
1) Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Shallot plants are currently being cultivated in polybags and placed in residential yards. The purpose of this kind of cultivation is not to get crops to be traded, but merely as a cultivation activity for the use of limited time and space. Shallot themselves are including herbs and or medicinal plants which, although in small amounts, are needed every day. This is a study that applies a growth regulator called Fitosan which is sprayed as folliar, carried out on plants periodically and in a variety of fertilization frequencies. Fitosan levels applied are 1 ppm (K1); 2 ppm (K2) and 3 ppm (K3), while the frequency of giving Fitosan are on age of 15 dap and 45 dap (F1); on age of 15 dap, 30 dap, 45 dap (F2); on age of 15 dap, 25 dap, 35 dap, 45 dap (F3). The experiment was carried out using the Complete Randomized Design Method with an accuracy level of 95%. To determine the effect of treatments on the growth and yield of shallot bulbs, analysis of variance was performed. From observations of plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers until the age of 30 days after planting, it has not shown any significant effect from the treatment applied, but it can be expected that the F3K1 treatment will provide the most tuber yields.

Keywords
Fitosan level, frequency of Fitosan giving, cultivation in polybags

Topic
Crop and Crop Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/G4VHWwmR2ydu